Erp Definition - 8072 Words

` Proposal for the introduction of an ERP System in Joshua Arkwright Sons Classical bicycle manufacturer Report Submission Data: 11th May 2010 Reported by: 09BSP046 Enterprise Resource Planning Module Group Assignment Table of Contents Section Page 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Situation Analysis 2.1 Company background 2.2 Company situation 2.2.1. Financial Condition 2.2.2. Market Condition 2.2.3. System 2.2.4. Human Recourse 2.3. About SAP R/3 3. Overall project goals 4. Priorities for computerisation 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 5. Evaluation of commercial feasibility: benefits 6. Project Plan References At†¦show more content†¦It may be because of complex, ineffective flow in communication as a result of un-integrated information system in JAS. : Low performance in liquidity may be resulted from poor inventory management and ineffective costs control. Firstly, JAS is facing the cash flow problem because of having too many stocks in warehouse. Secondly, un-integrated information system brings some difficulties in costs control. In-timely and inaccurate customers’ financial data makes JAS difficult to retrieve debtors effectively. 2.2.2 Market The UK Government policies encourage citizens to use more bicycles instead of other transportations as possible as they can because of the congestion and air pollution. In addition, increasingly number of people has treated cycling as an exercise, trip and healthy lifestyle, which promotes the consumption of bicycle. These contribute to the boost of bicycle industry. However, JAS has gained relatively lower market share over the last few years. The level of competitive intensity has a significant impact on JAS’s sales and profit. Firstly, as a medium-sized company providing high-quality bicycles, JAS has been receiving increasing competition from its existing rivals who offer similar products but relatively lower price because of their economies of scale. Some rivals benefit from their high production or lower cost of material and labour, leading to competitive advantage in the marketplace, such as high quality with the relatively lowerShow MoreRelatedCompany Analysis : Pb And The Erp Re Engineering Project1365 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide an overview of the thesis topic including: an introduction to the problem Pitney Bowes (PB) want to solve and the related business topic; the company summary of PB and the ERP re-engineering project which they are undergoing; the objectives and scope as well as the structure of this thesis project. The problem definition will show its importance and rationale to this topic as well as PB. The company summary will provide contextual and valuable background. The objectives an d scope will illustrateRead MoreErp Software : Sap Erp1775 Words   |  8 PagesERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is a business process managing software which is developed from MRP (Material Requirement Planning). 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Causal Attribution Theories Of Victim Blaming - 1204 Words

Causal Attribution Theories of Victim Blaming in Cases of Sexual Assault For most individuals, the thought of blaming the victim of a tragic experience for their own pain and suffering, seems preposterous. However, ascribing at least some of the blame to the victim is not uncommon (Niemi Young, 2014). Victim blaming refers to individuals finding reasons to hold the victim of an incident responsible for the crime that took place (Hayes, Lorenz Bell, 2013). For victims of sexual assault, who may already be experiencing self-blame and distrust of others, being blamed adds insult to injury (Harber, Podolski, Williams, 2015). According to Harber et. al, victim blaming can also have long-term effects on victims, such as, increased anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In an effort to increase support and resources for survivors of sexual assault researchers must determine why individuals are prone to blaming the victims rather than the perpetrator of a crime. In order to answer this question of â€Å"why† we blame victims of sexual assault for their own suffering researchers use the attribution theory. This theory is used to explain how we make sense of our own and other people’s behavior. Internal attributions refer to the perception that someone is behaving in a certain way because of the â€Å"type† of person that individual is. We attribute the cause of behavior to a person’s personality or character rather than to the situation. In contrast, an externalShow MoreRelatedThe Models For Observational Learning1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdrug abuse is mainly the result of the modelling influences of her family and peers. The Social Cognitive Learning Theory argues that behaviour occurs not only as a result of the environment but because of an individual’s cognitive representation of that environment, known as the S-O-R model (stimulus-organism-response). Wortley (2011) states that The Social Cognitive Learning Theory extends on the traditional operant conditioning by proposing that there are a range of cognitive processes betweenRead MoreEthnic Reproduction and the Amniotic Deep: Joy Kogawas Obasan13316 Words   |  54 Pages(p. 431) The power of love (p. 431) Is romantic love unique to western culture? (p. 431) An evolutionary theory of love: love as attachment (p. 432) Stage theories of relationships (p. 433) The filter model (Kerckhoff Davis, 1962) (p. 433) An evaluation of the filter model (p. 433) Stimulus-value-role theory (Murstein, 1976, 1986, 1987) (p. 434) An evaluation of stage theories (p. 434) Interpersonal attraction: how relationships get started (p. 434) Proximity (p. 434) Exposure andRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesBradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your useRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages91 4 Emotions and Moods 97 What Are Emotions and Moods? 98 The Basic Emotions 100 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of Emotions 102 †¢ Sources of Emotions and Moods 103 Emotional Labor 108 Affective Events Theory 110 Emotional Intelligence 112 The Case for EI 113 †¢ The Case Against EI 114 †¢ Emotion Regulation 115 OB Applications of Emotions and Moods 115 Selection 116 †¢ Decision Making 116 †¢ Creativity 116 †¢ Motivation 117 †¢ Leadership 117 †¢ Negotiation 117Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesâ€Å"do. † In an influential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies of effective managers. Although no two management positions are exactly the same

The Expanded Marketing Mix

Questions: The final stage of the marketing audit is for you to evaluate how well the marketing mix of the organisation is performing for your chosen organisation. Referring to the chapters 7-14 of the text, and with the use of secondary research, please provide informed answers to the following questions: 1. Are there any products/services able to benefit from quality, feature and style improvements? If so, how? 2. Are there any new products worth adding? 3. What are the pricing objectives , policies, strategies and procedures? To what extent are prices set on sound cost, demand and competitive criteria. 4. What are the distribution objectives and strategies. How can these be improved? 5. What are the organisations promotional objectives and strategies? Are they sound? 6. How could the promotional budget be improved to get better results? 7. How could the use of the expanded marketing mix, as outlined in chapter 14 be used to improve the performance of the organisation? Answers: Introduction Hindustan Unilever Limited, earlier known as Hindustan Lever Limited, is India's biggest customer Product organization and was established in 1933 as Lever Brothers India Limited. It is at present headquartered in Mumbai, India and its 41,000 workers are headed by Harish Manwani, the non-official administrator of the board. HUL is the business sector pioneer in Indian items, for example, tea, soaps, shampoos, baby products, ready-eat packaged food items. Its products have become a necessity in Indian homes. The Anglo-Dutch organization Unilever possesses a greater part stake in Hindustan Unilever Limited (Cateora, 2007). Hindustan Lever Limited's dissemination system involves around 4,000 redistribution stockists, covering 6.3 million retail outlets arriving at the whole urban populace, and around 250 million rustic shoppers. HLL is likewise one of India's biggest exporters (Srivastava, 2010). The Expanded Marketing Mix: In service industry one needs more elements which are follows: - 1. Physical Evidence: Before taking service, consumer doesnt know how to test the service quality provided by a service outlet and hence many other physical clues such as actual location etc help to make a decision. Thus cleanliness at college, school, restaurants, hotels, airports and cinema hall etc are more important where people exchanges the services, adequate facilities become more special as in case of airport, hotels etc. 2nd part of Physical Evidence is air ticket, cash memo, cheque book, token, pen, slips etc. (Srivastava, 2010). 2. People: People constitute an important dimension of marketing services as quality service depends of quality employee it has. As provider, marketer must provide quality product to costumers. Every employee in organization should be a sales person of company service so his attitude, sense of work and responsibility, style etc becomes more special. People plays important role to influence other people 3. Process: It refers to process by which costumers are served with desired product. The process of delivery becomes more important in Service Company. It includes the mechanism, procedures and timing which remain within the company (Menon, 2008) Importance of Marketing Mix: Marketing-Mix Determination is an important decision which marketing manager has to take. If proper marketing mix is determined following advantages will occur to the company: Marketing-mix takes care of the needs of consumers; it helps in increasing earnings and sales of products. Marketing-mix gives consideration to many elements of company marketing system. There is equal balance in these elements. Marketing-mix facility meets the requirements of all type of consumers. Marketing mix serves as a link between consumers and firm. Marketing-mix concentrates of client satisfaction Q1. Are there any products/services able to benefit from quality, feature and style improvements, If so, how? From time to time HUL has added innovation to its products. Take for instance the ponds cream which was has been in use from last so many years. That ponds cold cream has undergone so many changes. Today the market is flooded with products like ponds age miracle, ponds face wash, ponds anti-wrinkle and so on. Now these improvements have captured both the generations. Mothers, teenage daughters and newly-weds alike! So the success of a brand or a company lies in diversifying its products in such a manner that it should appeal to people of all age groups. So such a change was well accepted by people everywhere of all age groups. HUL was the first company in India to introduce shampoo sachet. This made the product available to the masses, made it convenient to carry around on trips and the product entered the remote areas as well and the brand building was successfully done at large. The following are the reasons how it has profited from the nature of the items 1. Safety of the products and buyers is the first priority: HUL has strict obliged quality standards set up against which consistence is affirmed through predictable surveys and self assessments. These standards ensure that they arrange, make and supply things that are shielded, of awesome quality, and fit in with the relevant business and regulatory gages in the countries in which they work. Extensive organization systems are situated up to ease dangers and to secure their buyers and markets (Dixit, 1926). 2. Client and customer satisfaction at the core of their business values: HUL adequately caters their clients and customers, decoding their needs and essentials into their products and services. (Dixit, 1926). 3. Quality is a bestowed compulsion: Quality and purchaser security is the commitment of every Unilever agent and Unilever displays evident and unfaltering organization to meet this course of action. The drive for quality, in all that they do, is reflected in their picture change, amassing and customer organization structures and is furthermore expected of their business associates. HUL unites with stakeholders to give power, advance straightforwardness and bestow best practice. Additionally HUL has delivered feasible working relationship with suppliers and contract makers (Desai, 2013). 4. Building and keeping up awesome systems to ensure the quality and wellbeing of the things: HUL consistently and endlessly makes structures and techniques to ensure quality and security all through the whole justified regardless of chain, and company while setting a benchmark for the business. HUL regularly measures and improve its execution using both internal and external measures (Murari, 2014). They adequately boost the Quality Policy and have a quality affirmation affiliation set up to ensure consistency of principles, approaches and execution. Q. 2. Are there any new products worth adding? It is rightly said that there is always a scope for improvement. There are products which can be worked upon. Improved toothpastes: If closely monitored then recently the toothpaste market in India has under gone a revolution. The medicated toothpastes are being branded as a must have for everyone. Therefore here lies a scope for improvement as people are largely shifting to such medicated tooth pastes for relief. Lifestyle has undergone a sea change in the past decade and so people are left with less time and therefore they look for products which can keep them healthy and not just clean. Spices: A lot of companies are engaged in manufacturing spices in India. But people/ restaurants and home makers look forward to more refreshing and more home-like spices. This is where the company can venture and benefit not just in India but abroad too as Indians love to add typical Indian spices in their food wherever they stay. How to go about the change: Recently Lipton has introduced green tea in a number of flavours. Lime, mint and strawberry were the new introduced flavours of green tea. Now this is called marketing with the changing lifestyles of people. This is how change can be brought out in few other products as well. HUL is into so many things, it has almost everything under its umbrella. From personal care to food and beverages, it is reaching the common man of the country. Because it is a huge organization and it has the capital to invest into a new products (Murari, 2014). This year company is introducing new products such as Water Purifier with high quality and lowest price which will increase the revenue of company. HUL will also improve the quality in health care and personal care producing with cutting prices. Q. 3. What are the pricing objectives, policies, strategies and procedures?To what extent are prices set on sound cost, demand and competitive criteria. HUL strategically creates products which are in complete coherence with what the customers require. The pricing is based on these objectives: Cost effective Should reach the masses and not just the classes Price range s generally very large so that required quantity for the required amount can be purchased Competitive pricing Prices should be consistent for a certain period of time The whole item portfolio is likewise being changed to incorporate premium offerings, for example, Ponds Age Miracle (Dixit, 1926). Q4. What are the distributionobjectives and strategies?How can these be improved? The distribution strategy of Hindustan Unilever limited is the best amongst all the FMCG companies. It includes three phases namely direct, indirect and stream line distribution system. In the present scenario, HUL's products are manufactured all over the country, and are distributed through a network of about 7,000 redistributions and stockiest that cover about one million retail outlets. HUL used the principle of project stream line which is to leverage HULs scale and organizational synergy to increase reach of rural market. Streamline was conceptualized significantly to enhance rural supply control via network of sub-stockiest. The streamline provides higher quality servicing, credit and full-line availability to rural trade. This gives a substantial competitive edge over the upcoming decades (Murari, 2014). HUL dependably has faith in client inviting items with significant accentuation on ease generally without trading off on the nature of the item. They are leveraging the abilities and size of the guardian organization and concentrating on the estimation of execution. HULs up-and-running plan of action is a treat for financial specialists looking for presentation in the F HUL Distribution Model Overview HUL's (long ago known as HLL) items are disseminated through a system of 4,000 redistribution stockists, covering 6.3 million retail outlets arriving at the whole urban populace, and around 250 million provincial purchasers. There are 35 CF as in the nation who nourish these redistribution stockists routinely. The general exchange embodies markets, scientific experts, wholesale, booths and general stores. HUL gives tailor made administrations to each of its channel accomplices. It has created client administration and production network capacities for banding together rising self - administration stores and markets. Around 2,000 suppliers and partners serve HUL's 40 assembling plants which are decentralized over 2 million square miles of region. Stage Wise Evolution of HUL Distribution Model Phase 1b: Indirect Phase 1a: Van scope model; Phase 2: Ph ase 3: Project based immediate (altered wholesaler situated in Operation Shakti for littler course) scope for expansive town to supply Streamline towns ( Provincial Distribution Model Phase 1: Direct Coverage HUL selected a typical stockist to administration all outlets inside a town and offer a restricted determination of the brand portfolio. Towns comprised of population of less than 50,000 individuals. Stage 1b: Indirect Coverage HUL focused on retailers in open towns near to bigger urban markets. Retail stockists were allocated perpetual course to guarantee that all available towns in the region were served in any event once a fortnight. Phase 2: Operation Streamline Goods are appropriated from Cf operators to country wholesalers, each one having 15-20 sub-stockists (Star Sellers). Operation Streamline leveraged the provincial wholesale channel to achieve markets distant by street. Star Sellers were named among wholesalers in a specific town. Star Sellers would buy stock from a neighbourhood wholesaler and afterward disseminate stock to retailers in littler towns utilizing nearby method for transport (e.g. cruisers, rickshaws). Phase 3: Project Shakti focused on the little towns (2,000) and took advantage of prior ladies' Self Help Groups (Shgs). Underprivileged rustic ladies were welcome to wind up immediate to-purchaser deals for HUL items. Termed Shakti Ammas, these ladies speak to HUL and offer home-care, wellbeing, and cleanliness items in their towns on a "money and convey" premise. Every Shakti ambitious person generally covers 6-10 towns in the populace strata 1000-2000. Redistribution Shakti C F Agents Stockist Distributor Entrepreneur. During 2010-11, HUL altogether expanded its control retail scope by including in excess of 600,000 outlets. In country, HUL tripled its coordinate scope in rustic India from 2.5 lakh stores to 7.5 lakh stores by including 5 lakh provincial retail locations in its run scope. In 2010, Project Shaktimaan, second period of Project Shakti was dispatched. In excess of 23000 Shaktimaans are working in towns crosswise over India. Venture Shakti has been extended to 5, 00,0 00 outlets (Desai, 2013). Phase 4: Growing its compass through Project Shakti, where it utilized ladies business people as a part of inaccessible towns to stock and offers its brands. 2010 onwards, while defining a formal new get ready for HUL's dispersion in rustic regions; the organization understood that the purchasing propensities for country customers were evolving. A significant number of these buyers really tried to purchase the same items they saw the city individuals utilizing. Taking into account this understanding, the organization set about getting its redistribution stockists to begin offering upwards of 250 Skus to stores in towns with a populace of in excess of 5,000. Taking care of the intricacy at the wholesaler's end, because of expanded scale was a test. The organization now utilizes 'geo-labelling' to see how far towns are from the closest interstate and to what extent it would take the closest wholesaler to achieve them. Likewise, desires from rustic wholesalers are distinctive. Rustic zo nes are still in the development mode and wholesalers are relied upon to effectively push businesspeople to stock HUL cleansers, shampoos and cleansers. Pushing items and getting store space is still all that much the name of the diversion. Advancement through promoting and presentation will assume a key part. Add to that the higher expense of raising capital for littler outfits and the organization still offers them sound imprint ups of 5 percent. Most merchants make around 2-2.5 percent on the merchandise sold. Shopkeeper who loaded HUL items felt no reliability to the organization and could switch side overnight.2001. Littler provincial brands would offer better stamp ups and offer merchandise on layaway and take away a huge parcel of business in a short compass. HUL had next to zero control over the circulation chain. Created a centre point and talked framework and named sub-merchants who had the chance to serve towns in their region. For littler towns with a populace of sho rt of what 5,000, its items were sold through wholesalers. Retailers from these towns make a trip to these wholesalers and to get their supplies as and when it suited them. Best case scenario, the dissemination in these towns was sketchy and the organization had no technique on whom to cover and whom to forget. How HUL extended its conveyance arrange long ago (Dixit, 1926). Phase 5: With the organization and not the wholesaler controlling what the businessperson purchases, it is conceivable to deal with the item blend and push more higher-edge items into the business. The included gainfulness can then be utilized to get merchants to push deeper into appropriating items furthermore put resources into innovation. Ultimately, the organization would like to enhance it. The organization has conveyed in the past and can possibly improve in future. Q 5: What are the organisations promotional objectives and strategies?Are they sound? HUL has an extensive brand portfolio comprising of about 110 products. In every product offering, it has fabricated various brands over a time of time. Very much a couple of brands have arrived at its overlap from the guardian organization. It has likewise gained a few progressing brands from the business sector. HUL likewise energetically seeks after brand augmentation methodology. Furthermore simultaneously, HUL embraces line pruning and brand rebuilding and merging, based on advertising impulses. HUL is additionally playing the restoration and re-dispatch amusement. With incredible profit the corporate-level tries at business development and enhancement are additionally tossing new difficulties on the brand procedure front. HUL gives itself for a legitimate understanding of the many-sided quality of the brand administration undertaking. It should be inspected how HUL handles the complex requests in brand administration (Dixit, 1926). Such an exhibit of brands is the result of a cognizant corporate methodology by HUL. As a corporate, HLL needs to be a pioneer in every one of its organizations and the procedure is to battle on the quality of the game changer emerging from the ownership of solid brands. It is this methodology that is getting reflected in the advancement of a large number of solid brands. In the event that the matter of showering cleansers are taken, as an illustration, HUL has the goal of being a national player (not a specialty or a local advertiser) and the pioneer in that. HUL likewise needs around 30 every penny of the corporate pay to originate from this line. Thus, HUL selected the technique of creating very much a couple of solid brands in this line, and among them they cover diverse business fragments and value focuses. Dove, Lux, Liril, Rexona, Pears and Lifebuoy are the result of such a decently arranged brand methodology actualized over the long run. At the time while advertising "vim" in provincial zones. Keeping into psyche the elements of rustic purchaser and dissemination foundation, the advertiser applied an alternate advancement methodology to advance the vim in country territories. The formal media used to impart the item was TV, radio, Silver screen, print proportionately relying on their scope and their impact on country masses. The casual advancement system was formed. The steps included to advance the item in country regions. The main step was the use of sound visual reputation vans. This exposure vans were secured by delightful flags, pennants were embellished with the item photographs, the base or slogan of the item and beautiful picture that can pull in the country buyer. The perceptible material utilized were tunes of current cloudy melodies, which were formed with new verses, these verses gave the uncommon peculiarities about the vim. This step was utilized as a presentation of the item vim in provincial markets (Desai, 2013). So the promotion strategy of HUL is brilliant. It has got the nerve of the people and gives them exactly what they want. Q. 6: How could the promotional budget to be improved to get better results? It could have been better with some more effective promotion plans that reach out the people in the forgotten corners of the country. However the HUL has excellent marketing strategy that has been proving successful since the beginning. There is a scope of improvement. Itd better if the company starts focusing on doing more campaigns like that VIM in the rural areas. Q. 7. How could the use of the expanded marketing mix, as outlined in chapter 14 be used to improve the performance of the organization? HUL is India's biggest advertiser of Soaps, Detergents and Home Care items. It has the nation's biggest Personal Products business, driving in Shampoos, Skin Care Products, Colour Cosmetics and Deodorants. HUL is also the market leader in Tea, Processed Coffee, branded Wheat Flour, Tomato Products, and Ice cream, Soups, Jams and Squashes. Home Personal Care (Desai, 2013). Personal Wash Fabric Wash Home Care Oral Care Skin Care Hair Care Deodorants Talc Colour Cosmetics Foods Tea Coffee Branded Staples Culinary Products Ice Creams Modern Foods ranges Personal Wash Soaps A percentage of the huge brands in Soaps in rustic markets are Lifebuoy, Lux, Liril, Hamam, Breeze, Dove, and Rexona. It offers brands with different price range even for the same category. The costs of the items are such that it is moderate to all salary bunch .Competitive rates as contrasted with its companions. Discounts are offered on different items relying on the items HUL is the First and foremost organization in India to have introduced Shampoo sachet for the people. Sales happen through retail wholesale dispersion by conducting study about the items their inclination (Desai, 2013). Making Product Awareness through ad data on the site and Generating interest among buyers through stalls out and about or outside shops and so on and demonstrating live exhibit of the item, Sales Push is carried out through free specimens, presentation of another item at lower cost. Moreover the most well known celebrities of the country endorse the products. Having more than 20 lakhs client, in excess of 2000 suppliers, in excess of 16500 representatives makes this organization an extremely prominent brand. Client Research - The Company is dependably makes a shopper examine before in the wake of dispatching an item keeping in mind the end goal to enhance make it more buyer cordial. Company can improve the performance by following its own strategies: 1. Expend product range, providing more benefits 2. Focus on rural and local market where people mostly search high discount products 3. Company can also follow the marketing strategies: Stepping up and End front Portfolio Execution, Pan Pyramid straggling, Betting on Big Stars for products Advertisement, Fast and better communication, highlighting benefits of products, providing quality products, maintaining quality of products, fast sell, fast services, Leveraging social media and IT and Increasing Consumption in Rural Market, better stores and marketing of products through advertisement 4. Better, bigger and faster innovation personal home care products, personal care home products quality, formulation, design, pricing and positing 5. In A nutshell HUL Company is admired and awarded FMCG Company of India giving high competition to many players in many sector such as ITC, PG, Nestle etc. It understands of costumers and leveraging technology to connect with them stands it apart. Hindustan Unilever Limited supplies high quality goods and products which are used in daily life as mentioned above. In doing so, HUL Company is committed to exhibit the standard for its consumers, society and employees. This company is regulating various policies to improve the performance in marketing. By implementing all marketing plans and policy strictly in company, performance can be improved (Dixit, 1926). Conclusion Marketing Mix is like a magic wand which if put into practice efficiently by the companies can literally bring desired results. One best example of company which has utilised this magic want to the fullest is Hindustan Lever. It has not only introduced variety of products in the same category. Like the shampoo market has shampoos catering to various classes and needs of the people. It has introduced a variety in the sizes of the products so that it can cater to people in the remotest of areas. In this way any organisation can have their visibility to all the customers. Similarly HUL has done its expanded marketing mix in such way that its the leading FMCG Company in the world. They should keep changing their marketing mix in order to have the hold on the market share because Change is the only constant. References Cateora, P. R. (2007).International Marketing 13E (Sie). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Hirankitti, P., Mechinda, P., Manjing, S. (2009). Marketing strategies of Thai spa operators in Bangkok metropolitan. Srivastava, D. (2010). Marketing to Rural India: A Changing Paradigm. Menon, N. (2008). Customization of marketing mix for rural markets. Murari, K. (2014). Relationship marketing in India a case study of Hindustan Uniliver limited. Bang, V. V., Joshi, S. L. (2012). Market expansion strategyreasons for and against: what do managers in India think?Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20(2), 85-102. Dixit, D. K. (1926). Competitive and Innovative Marketing Strategies for Tapping Vast Rural Potential in India. Khan, N., Khan, M. M. (2012). Marketing Revolution in Rural India: Emerging Trends and Strategies.Journal of Business Administration and Education,1(1). Desai, S. S. (2013). Rural Retail Innovations in India: New Dimension in Marketing. J. of Multidisciplinary and Current research. Jha Bidyarthi, H. M., Dande, M. A., Kuchar, P. M., Herode, M. L., Kasliwal, N. Y. (2013). Surviving with paranoia through green and clean marketing in Indian FMCG sector.International Journal of Business Performance Management,14(4), 386-395. Craig, C. S., Douglas, S. P. (2011). Empowering rural consumers in emerging markets.International Journal of Emerging Markets,6(4), 382-393. Majumdar, R. (2007).Product management in India. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Amrinder, H., Arti, A. UNILEVER: ITS UNIQUE PRODUCTS FOR HINDUSTAN.Dean, College of Management, 56. Rahman, Z. (2009). The Branding of Chhokra.Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective,13(3), 61-68. Krishnamacharyulu, C. S. G. (2011).Rural Marketing: Text and Cases, 2/E. Pearson Education India. Basson, P. M. (2005).International market entry: a South African SME perspective(Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Joshi, M. M. S., Joshi, S., Singh, V. K., Nagar, S. (2010). Challenges of Indian Advertising agencies. Inims(p. 20). Mathur, M. Lead by Marketing Information Strategies: Leaders are not Born they are Made. Ekeledo, I., Sivakumar, K. (2004). The impact of e-commerce on entry-mode strategies of service firms: a conceptual framework and research propositions. Journal of International Marketing,12(4), 46-70. Kaur, M. (2008). Rural Marketing: A Case Study on Hindustan Unilever Limited. Das, S. G., Kothari, R. (2009). Boosting the Marketing Rupee during Recession.Journal of Management Research,1(2). (2009). Branding paradigm for the bottom of the pyramid markets. Measuring Business Excellence,13(4), 58-68. Anderson, J., Markides, C. (2012). Strategic innovation and the base of the pyramid.Image. Cross, J., Street, A. (2009). Anthropology at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Anthropology Today,25(4), 4-9. Kourula, A., Halme, M. (2008). Types of corporate responsibility and engagement with NGOs: an exploration of business and societal outcomes. Corporate Governance,8(4), 557-570.

My Best Friend Lives in Me free essay sample

My favorite TV episode : â€Å"Funny Pants† from Season 4 Episode 65b of SpongeBob SquarePants, where Squidward, Spongebob’s cynical neighbor and coworker,falsely informs SpongeBob that if SpongeBob laughs one more time in the next 24 hours, his laugh box will explode, and he will never laugh or giggle again. Squidward’s lie attempts to stop SpongeBob’s incessant laughter, but SpongeBob does not stop laughing. Neither do I. SpongeBob would rather laugh and never laugh again than to live in fear, just as I would rather laugh and never laugh again than to live in fear of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus — the endometrium — grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis commonly involves the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the tissue lining the pelvis. Laughing helps me grieve the person I was before endometriosis and gives peace of mind and body. If I can laugh, then I can envision and motivate myself to accomplish my goals, whether it is becoming a pediatric surgeon or receiving a publication in Teen Ink Magazine. We will write a custom essay sample on My Best Friend Lives in Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If I want to continue laughing, then I have to be open minded to different TV shows, YouTube videos, and memes that could make me laugh. By practicing open mindedness, I fell in love with watching Wild n’ Out on MTV while eating Jollof rice with chicken and I took a risk tasting banana barbeque sauce in St. Thomas. Yes, barbecue sauce made out of real bananas, and I couldnt taste the difference! With open mindedness my learning never ends and I am always guaranteed adventure. For a while, I struggled with being open minded to a friendship with endometriosis because my memories consisted of endometriosis restraining me to my bedroom floor in excruciating pain and forcing me to escape class to hide in bathroom stalls. But as I debated forming a friendship with endometriosis, endometriosis taught me the best lesson: embrace my vulnerability and my own company. When I admitted to myself that I needed help, I stopped living in fear and I reclaimed the power to steer my own life. I was liberated when I came to terms with my doctor’s words: â€Å"The cause of endometriosis is unknown and there is no cure.† I could finally enjoy spending time with myself because I realized it was me, not endometriosis, who decided to close myself off. It is me who is emotionally responsible for myself. I cannot train myself to have a specific reaction to a particular situation, but I can train myself to remember I am in control of my emotions, not the other way aro und. Ultimately, endometriosis taught me that I never lose the ability to make choices but recognizing that ability becomes harder when the choices appear limited. Endometriosis promised me that I would prouder of myself if I accepted a choice it gave me. The choice was learning how I wanted to define myself and what I wanted others to see in me. Ive accepted the choice (or challenge, as I see it), but how would I begin writing that story? Sadly, I just finished typing it.

Music Video Analysis free essay sample

Primary Audience The primary audience for this music video Is African American males. The second verse of the music video shows Jay-Z getting pulled over by a Caucasian policeman for something coming out from a discriminating heart-?he gets pulled over for driving fifty-five miles per hour in a fifty-four MPH zone. Feeling discriminated, Jay-Z raps about what happened and shows that this incident is Just one of the many incidents of which him and his race deal with In their daily lives. Driving one mile over the speed limit Is something that police would believe Is not worth wasting time r effort to pull one over.However, because Jay-Z Is from African decent. It Is Implied that Caucasians do not feel safe about African Americans driving around the streets -?Caucasians may believe that African Americans are dangerous, criminals, and/or a possible threat to the community. Another verse in the song refers to the court trial that Jay-Z faced in 1999. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Video Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One day In Kit Kate Club, located In Times Square of New York City, Jay-Z was accused of stabbing record executive Lance On Riviera for Rivers bootlegging of Jay-Gs third record Life and Times of S. Carter (Wisped, Biography). This Incident led Jay-Z to court for a trial.In the end, the court ruled that Jay-Z can bail out for half off million dollars for what he had done. Although he stabbed a person, something that is immoral and almost unforgivable, Jay-Z complains in his song about spotting another sign of the governments discrimination against his race. Paying half a million dollar ball Is an Incredibly large amount of money, especially when the crime did not lead to death or can not be classified as attempted murder. If the criminal were from another race, per SE a Caucasian criminal, they may be able to bail out with approximately two thousand dollars.Due to the fact that Jay-Z is of African decent, the courts action implied that an African American criminal should pay more than any other criminals would pay-?once again, African American males seem to be threats and dangerous beings in white communities. From courts perspective, it Is beneficial to keep African Americans In Jail or only allowing them out at an expensive ball amount, for they are not trustworthy and may commit crime any time soon after release. To his audience, Jay-Z is trying to show the various problems he had to endure just for being who he is.Therefore, he created his video in this particular manner to show the injustice that the government is enforcing on African American males and to tell his race that this is not just anyones problem that they could care less about. One of them might go, or perhaps have gone, through the On the other hand, in a broader range, the secondary audiences are all males in general. By this time, it is clear that Jay-Z had gone through tough times throughout his career. He was caught selling drugs several times, was discriminated by the society, spent time in Jail, and has foes that want make sure his caskets loses (Verse 1, line 2).Metaphorically speaking, he had 99 problems which we re important landmarks and may have been major threats in his life. Going through all the conflicts, Jay-Z still survives and stands firm and takes a look at other males with their minor problems-?for example, having girl problems. In the chorus of his song, he says that he has 99 problems but a pitch anti one, if you are having girl problems I feel bad for you son(Chorus). The feeling bad part of the chorus is not the literal intention of what Jay-Z is trying to tell the males with girl problems.He is being racist and indirectly criticizing them for complaining for such little problems, compared to what Jay-Z went through. Here is Jay-Z who went through life or death problems looking at males who are complaining about little problems-?it is almost comical to see them complaining from Jay-Gs perspective. Through the music video, Jay-Z is sending a message to his audiences that we all have some kind of problems, big or small. He has gone through much worse than people who are dwelling on girl problems-?life is not easy, but we all have to deal with i t and move on. Informative Purpose that Directs to EthosIn 99 Problems, Jay-Z is literally talking about the major problems that he has gone through. For stabbing Lance Un Riviera, people who were associated with Riviera still has grudge against him today. In verse one of the song, Jay-Z raps about how foes want make sure his caskets closed (Verse One, line two) which means people want to kill him as a revenge for stabbing Riviera. Another set of fact that Jay-Z states is about a Caucasian cop pulling him over for speeding one mile over. The second verse of the lyrics he wrote are basically a conversation between the cop and Jay-Z.In the song, Jay-Z tries to imitate how the Caucasian cop spoke to him-?with a white accent and a walked-talkie voice. By using the imitation of cops language as part of his lyrics, it makes the song very informative and gives it more credibility. Since his lyrics contain information about what happened to Jay-Z, it supports the ethos of his music video. He talks about him going from rags-to-retches (Verse 1, Line 15) which is believable with his drug selling problem. Although it is illegal, Jay-Z, living in rags, had to sell drugs to survive.His experiences makes him very credible enabling us as he audience to believe in what he has to say about problems and ways of survival in the ghettos. What Jay-Z says would not be credible if someone who grew up rich were to sing this song-?for instance, Victoria Beckman who had a wealthy upbringing ever since she was born (Wisped, Biography). Jay-Z, who used to be poor from the beginning of his music career, struggled through all the problems and was able to achieve one of the highest positions in the music industry. Thus, what he says about the problems and his ghetto scenes in the music video are very likely to be credible. Further Purpose Although Jay-Z is talking about problems he faced throughout his career, it does not have to have such a negative feeling in the song. The message from the music video can be interpreted in a rather optimistic way to the audiences. By using his song as a tool to glorify himself-?for how he endured through tough situations without aid from anyone. Once again, he went through the most miserable times that anyone could ever be placed in-?stabbed someone, punished in Jail, sold drugs, discriminated, and much more. But who was there to help him fulfill hisAmerican Dream? No one. Jay-Z had endured everything all by himself. The only help Jay-Z had was a little bit of knowledge that he picked up on the streets about having individual rights. In the second verse, when Jay-Z was pulled over for speeding, the cops ask him to step out of the car to see if he is carrying a weapon on him and asks to search his car (Verse 2, line 13). Jay-Z did not back down but rather knew his rights so the cop is going to need a warrant (verse 2, line 19). When he knew his individual rights, he declared them. When he had to pay his bail amount, he id it.With his individual effort, he fought through everything. Now, he is using this music video as a tool to make people know what went on with him and to praise him for what he did. Jay-Z wants to show that he is that tough. This can also be a type of persuasive purpose for he is trying to promote admiration for himself and show his strong male identity that will appeal to his audience. American Dream: Conclusion In conclusion, Jay-Z obtained his American Dream at last; going from rags-to- riches. Interestingly, all the problems and steps that he took to reach the top could e referred to as American Nightmares.Jay-Z is giving a message to his audience that although it was really tough, he endured through the nightmares: accused, jailed, almost killed, discriminated, and etc. It was almost impossible to deal with them but he accomplished his American Dream. The admirable part is that he dealt with them all by himself. Because he was able to fulfill a difficult task, fulfilling American Dream in his given condition to start with, he is messaging to his audience that he is the man who should be respected and promoted for admiration.

Review Essay Example

Review Essay Example Review Essay Review Essay Questions 1. What is forensic science? The application of science to the criminal justice system 2. What three tasks or responsibilities does a forensic scientist have? Three responsibilities of a forensic scientist are collect and analyze evidence, and train other law enforcement or officials in how to record and collect evidence 3. What criteria might be used to establish someone as an expert witness? Criteria used to establish an expert witness might be the person’s degrees, and the number of years of experience that that person has in the field 4. What are two of the ways that a forensic pathologist might use to help determine the time of death? Two ways a forensic scientist can determine the time of death are algor mortis and liver mortis 5. What does a forensic anthropologist do? Specializes in the identification and examination of skeletal remains Critical Thinking Questions 1. Why do you think it is so important to use proper methods when collecting evidence from a crime scene? The criminal could get away because you didn’t use proper methods to collect evidence, which could lead to another crime 2. Why do you think forensic science has been increasingly used by the criminal justice system? They use science in an investigation so on a court system it isn’t â€Å"person A† against the criminal, there would be proof and evidence 3. Which of the forensic scientist’s responsibilities do you think would be the most challenging? Why? I feel like the hardest responsibility would be finding evidence at a scene. Sometimes criminals wear gloves so there would be no finger prints, so you would have to look for tire tracks or foot prints, making the investigation even harder. . Which of the forensic scientist’s responsibilities do you think would be the most interesting to you? Why? I feel that the most interesting responsibility would be gathering and examining the evidence because I am one to wonder how things work and how things fit together like a puzzle. An investigation is similar to a puzzle. 5. Which of the specialty areas do you think you would most like to work in? Why? I would want to specialize in forensic pathology because determining the time and cause of death you be really interesting to me

Recent Trends In the Historiography of Soviet Russia since 2004 Research Paper

Recent Trends In the Historiography of Soviet Russia since 2004 - Research Paper Example This led to the acceptance of the more extensive anti-soviet traditional western account by a majority of the Russian scholars2. Andrei Sakharov indicates that, currently, the russian historical science is vibrant, dynamic and discussive, and is closely associated with global historiography3. These claims seem to be echoed by Kritika in whose pages several informative articles that have, in the recent past, been published to map the evolving ideological constellation of russian histological publications. Mironov argues that, the wall between historical research done in the cities and that done in provinces is diminishing, and so is the wall between Western and Russian historiograhy. Consequently, a community of Russianists is coming into being. In a brief review of the demographics and communication pathway of these lines of thought, Benedict Anderson writes extensively of the school â€Å"pilgrimages,† which encompass the pathways in education that were pursued by â€Å"nati ves† and â€Å"creoles† during the colonial period that gave rise to the notion of a nation in sites4. It is arguable that Russia has become a colony of the west. However, this is optimised by Minorov’s assertion of a progressively more integrated community. In terms of demographics, there are some advancements in the Russian information systems. However, in the post –Soviet era, the prone networks including the science academies and their branches have been eroded and remained only shells. A majority, in the academies, have taken refuge in tertiary institutions, in which they partake in multiple teaching workloads, as a means of survival. Many individuals, in the academic world, are too busy with multi-tasking thus cannot find time to write academic materials. It is evident that many academic institutions are staffed with scientists of a retiring age. Moreover, not many young people find jobs in the academic field to be alluring. Consequently, many scient ists are reported to be leaving for better jobs abroad. Another crucial topic is the mode of teaching of history in learning institutions. A critical examination indicates that a social history can have a significant effect, basing on its approach and debates as presented to the lay community, in schools through textbooks and may corrupt the public memory5. Catherine Marridale notes a significant lack of interest for historological studies, majorly among the younger generation and continual widening of the gap between lay and scholarly lines of specialization. She, at the same time, argues on the persistence of a discursive field in which Russian tropes maintain dominance. For schools and textbooks, during the perestroika era, there was a great interest in history. This is accompanied by a sharp decline, as people are immersed in a struggle to survive and deal with the woes resulting from drastic impoverishment. However, Prime Minister Mikhail Kasianov rekindled the public interest in 2001, on the mode of teaching of history, through his concern about the quality of the Russian history books6. As a result, the government indulged in a competition aimed at finding the top three text books to be used in schools. Consequently, the new standardized school